In a groundbreaking development, archaeologists working in Peru, with the assistance of artificial intelligence (AI), have identified 303 previously undiscovered geoglyphs in the Nazca Desert. Se ancient symbols, which include depictions of birds, plants, spiders, humanlike figures, and even an orca wielding a knife, have mystified researchers for decades. The latest findings, published in the journal PNAS, nearly double the total number of known Nazca geoglyphs, which date back more than 2,000 years.
Aided by AI, Researchers Unlock New Discoveries
vast and barren Nazca Desert, located approximately 50 kilometers (31 miles) inland from Peru’s south coast, has long been home to see enigmatic geoglyphs. Formed by removing surface stones to reveal lighter soil beneath, the ancient artworks have endured the test of time due to the region’s arid conditions. However, the pace of discovery has significantly increased in recent years, thanks to advances in remote sensing and integration of AI technology into archaeological research.
Leading new discovery, a team of researchers from Japan’s Yamagata University, in collaboration with IBM’s Thomas J. Watson Research Center, trained an AI model to analyze high-resolution images of desert. AI combed through imagery of 430 known geoglyphs to learn its patterns and characteristics. Despite the challenge of limited data—typically, AI models require tens of thousands of examples to function accurately— the system flagged 47,000 potential geoglyph sites across the vast desert landscape.
After a thorough screening process, the AI model helped researchers zero in on 1,309 promising locations. Between September 2022 and February 2023, the team conducted on-ground investigations using drones and foot surveys, confirming 303 new geoglyphs. Among them, 178 were directly suggested by the AI model, while 125 were found through traditional fieldwork and observations.
Importance of AI in Archaeology
This discovery marks a significant milestone in use of AI for archaeology. While geoglyphs have been identified for over a century, the use of artificial intelligence has rapidly expanded pace and efficiency of such efforts. According to the study’s authors, AI represents a “game changer” in archaeological research, enabling scientists to focus their fieldwork on high-potential sites rather than relying on manual searches.
” Geoglyphs in good condition were immediately recognized for what they were,” said Masato Sakai, a professor of archaeology at Yamagata University and lead researcher on the project. “For those in poor condition, we are investigating through detailed fieldwork.”
Despite its success, the AI model was not flawless. It generated thousands of potential sites, many of which did not yield geoglyphs. However, its ability to narrow down high-potential locations significantly reduced time and labor needed for field surveys, making future discoveries much more feasible.
Enigmatic Purpose of Nazca Geoglyphs
the true purpose behind Nazca geoglyphs remains an ongoing mystery. Researchers have long speculated that symbols were part of a sacred space, possibly serving religious or ceremonial functions for the Nazca people. Aries suggest that y might have been connected to astronomical events, agricultural cycles, or even pilgrimage routes. Some of newly discovered geoglyphs seem to support these ideas, with larger line-based figures depicting animals and plants, while smaller, more figurative symbols represent humans and activities such as sacrifice or domestication of llamas.
Discovery of the new geoglyphs, including those that depict humanlike figures with headdresses and decapitated heads, offers additional clues for researchers to analyze. Still, the precise meaning behind the ancient symbols continues to elude modern understanding.
More Discoveries Await
With nearly 1,000 candidate sites left unexamined during latest fieldwork season, researchers estimate that hundreds of additional geoglyphs remain undiscovered. “AI is great, but humans are still needed,” said Amina Jambajantsan, a data scientist from the Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, who was not involved in research but has used AI to identify burial mounds in Mongolia. Like many archaeologists, Jambajantsan believes that AI has immense potential for transforming field, although it has yet to reach full accuracy.
Researchers now look to the future with optimism, as AI-driven archaeological discoveries promise to unlock further insights into Nazca culture and its mysterious geoglyphs. With continued advancements in technology and furr-on-ground exploration, it seems likely that more ancient secrets are waiting to be revealed beneath desert sands.
This exciting blend of ancient history and cutting-edge AI technology provides a glimpse into how science is reshaping our understanding of the past. As se discoveries show, marriage of modern tools and ancient mysteries is leading us toward a new age of exploration.
